Gyroscopic control.



J. S. LANG.

GYROSGOPIG CONTROL.

' APPLIGATION FILED APB. 17. 1912, V1 ,096,253, Y Patented May .12, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. s. LANG.

GYROSCOPIG CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED .LIPR.17-,1912.'

Patented May 1.2, 1914.

Q SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. S. LANG.

` GYRosooPm ooNTRoL. APPLICATION FILED APR.17,'1912.

Patented May 1.2, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

EE'EE:

" uma STTESPTENT Jmnss. LANG, or BosToN, MAssAcHUsETTs.

GYRoso'orrc coyTiaoL,

Specification of Letters Patent. I Pvagnfdiluayflz,,16914;

Application led April'l', 1912. Serial No. 691,420.

F0aZZjeo0`m/Zt'my-concern.: V

.Be it'knoWnthat I, Jamas S. Boston, inthe county yof Suiiolk and'State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gyroscopic Controls, of'Which-thefolloning is a full,V clear, and

exact description, reference, being had` to. the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis-fspecication, in explaining its nature. Y My present invention comprises for its SnbJect mattera gyroscopic apparatus operating onprinciplessimilar to those referred to., in my copending applicationior Letters Patent of the United States, -led .November 116,' 1909,-Serial1-No. 528,318, .and which 'pres- "ent" apparatus like. the apparatusreferred 'toginfsaid'application is essentially adapted lf {r' effecting the automaticcontrol of aeroplanes -or other aerial machines employing f planes cravings and .by which means such machines may be'mamtained in or restoredto' acondition or state of'normalor proper equilibrium --or balance. As described in said application, ffgyroscope is employed pivotally-'hung from a 'main a-Xis ofthelfly-- ing machine orfrom an axis parallelwith the; main axis. The gyroscope thus pivotally hung tends to maintain a constant position as other parts of the machine turn about said axis upon the' machine becoming unbalanced, the gyroscope or lframe carrying the same then becomingan unbalanced baseo resistance against which forces mayV act tending to correct the displacement of the machine and restore it to its nor'malpo-y sition. As described in said application, the-gyroscope tends to maintain 'a constant position by reason of its very rotation as is' customary 'in such kind of devices, and is vfurther maintained or restored to such constant position in case of the accidental displacementthereo by forces inherent in the gyroscopic'apparatus itself or transmission connecting therewith. To this extent the apparatus to be described in the present case is like that described in said application, eX- cepting that inA said application the gyro- ,scope is in the nature ot' al gyroscopic engineand the forces tendingl to restore the gyroscop'e to its normal position in case of displacement are reactive forces set up 1n the transmission through which the force generated by the gyroscopic engine .transmittedto the propeller of the,-machine for driving it. In the present case', however,

LANG, ofA being driyenby extraneouspoiye the gyroscopeis a driven-ii transmitted tothe gyfroscople rvfor rotating it, and the force tendingtolI restore the gyro# scope to its normal positioninfcas'e l'oifyits displacement is not a` reactive 'force bili-,a direct force transin-itted'to the gyroscopefor 'rotating it, which bythe manner'o'f its ap- ;plication orv transmissionfjtends ,tojlrestore the gyroscop'eto' its original positionin case of its .accidental displacement troml such `po"- sition. According "to saidv application. `thegyroscope or gyroscopic engine employed is of such size and power as'would enable or the frame car'ryingitl towith'stand as a basevof resistance the action of forces acting di? rectly against the sameand' tending to right the machine 'in case of its displacement. The gyrosco'pe to be referred to inthe pires? ent case may be of such "size and power as' to act in a similar Way", althoughl have also .described a means whereby 'a relatively small gyroscope .and .gyros'copic control'A -may be employed and Which of itself would not be sufiicient to With'stan-d. the.,fr eactionl of forces tending to right the \ma'chine,'butwhich will end elevation of a pont-ioni'; heapparatus.

Fig. 6 is a View partlyuinsection,andpart in side elevation ot the@ trol to which 'refereng made. Fig. T shows Yi1 As the valvular control shot .8 is sectional View oa tion to `which referencewill hereinafter be made. Fig. 9 is :t view partly inqsectioir and partly in plan of the cylinlergpiston lerefor and valvular 'control 'tl which hereinafter be described. i. atr partlyin vertical sectig)ufandlpartly in of the valvular control for the gyr. cope.

Referring. to the' vdraWings :fl-.rep/ a liiced'frame consisting offa b.ody9

will i .190 detail-eigenem@- glio' the other: of' the disks 15 or 16 may assume 'disks 14 and 18. v-'l.`hough the ydisk 18 is vided with separate, spaced, down-turned arms bearing', respectively, long out-turned hubs 4 which project horizontally from the ends ott the arms 3 in alinement with one another.

5 represents a pivoted trame consisting of bars rectanglllarly arranged and hung from the respective hubs 4 by straps 6 bearing boxes 7 which tit around the respective hubs by which the frame 5 may turn pivots ally thereon as an axis.

Carried by the pivoted fra-me 5 is a gyroscope 8 lixed to a spindle 9 which turns within hubs 10 borne by the respective top and bottom lvbars of the frame 5. The arrangement of these hubs is such that when the hubs 4 :fre occupying a horizontal position and the frame 5 `a gravitated position the gyroscope will be turning upon a vertical axis in a horizontal plane. The gyroscope is driven 'by an engine or otor (not shown). the power 'of whichis imparted to a pulley 11 and .from this pulley to the gyroscope through a chain -of transmission to which reference will now be made. The pulley 11 is fixed to a shaft 12 which turns within ay sleeve or hub 13 born`e-by the body of the iixed frame. The disposition and arrangement of this hub is such that the shaft 12 turning within it `will turn upon an axis at right angles to the axis defined b v the hubs 4 and accordingly when the axis defined by the hubs 4 is occruiying` a horizontal plane t-he shaft 12 will turn on a vertical axis according to the disposition andai-rangement of the parts. Fixed to the end of the pulley shaft 12 is a. friction disk 14.. .Arranged to have working enga-gement with this disk upon opposite sides thereof in the manner ot Ya couple are disks 15 and 16, respectively. These dis is are fixed to shafts 17 which are journaled toturn within the hubs 4, the respective shafts also being slidable longitudinally within said hubs by which the respective disks 15 and'16 may be moved into and out of working engagement with the disk 14. It is also to be observed that the shafts'l? extend only part way through the hubs 4. The disks 15 and 16 have working engagement on 'opposite sides of a disk 18 arranged upon the projecting end of the-spindle 9 bearing the .gyroscope. The disposition and arrangement of the disk 18 and the coperating parts are such that both disks 15 and 16 will only have engagement with Athe disk 1 8 when they are' both inwerking engagement with the disk 14. In other words, either one or a disengaging position lwith yrespect tothe carried by the pivoted frame 5 bearing the gyro'scope yet this. disk will have Work-ing engagement with either one or ,bother the 'disksv 1,5. andl whatever the` position .snif-fi employed by which an automatic 'control 'may be eected in the workingv Losanna' the frame may be, inasmuch as the disk will turn around Ythe axis defined by the hubs 4 or the axis in which the disks 15 and 16 are turning. y

1n order to understand the purpose and function oiQ the parts to which '1 shall hereinafter refer it will be desirable at this point to explain the function and operation of the parts already described.

The power imparted by the engine to the pulley 11 will through the shaft 12 be transmitted to the disks 14, 15, 16 and 18, thence l to the spindle 9 rotating the gyroscope. During this operation the disk 14 will tend to turn the disksvl and 16 in opposite directions (assuming that both disks are in engagement with the disk 14)'. Inasmuch `15 and 16 are turning. These forces, however, being in reverse andopposite directions neutralize one another and accordingly have no eliect upon the disk 18 through the spindle 9 to .change the normal suspended position of the trame 5 and gyroscope carried b v it. lt will now be assumed that the vpulley 11 is heilig driven in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon and the vrespective vdisks and gyroscope are accordingly being turned in the directions indicated by the arrows thereon as shown in Fig. 3. It will also be assumed that one or the other ot the disks 15 and 16, as for example the. disk 1.5, is not in engagement with the disks 14 and 1S, but that only the disk 16 is in working engagement therewith. The resultant eiicct is that the displacing in'liuence ot' the disk 16 no longer being neutralized acts through the disk 18 and spindle 9 of the'gyroscope to move or turn the frame 5 mal positions oit suspension and will cause the samel to pivotally move or turn in the direction induced' by such force, or to move pivotally around the axis of the hubs 4 in a rotary direction the same as that of the disk 16. This eliect continues as long as this disk is in sole engagement with the disks 14 and 18. On the other hand, if the disk' 16 is in 'a disengaging position with respect to the disks 14 and 18 and the disk 15 in sole engagement therewith then the influence of the disk 15 acting through the disk 18 and spindle 9 of the'gyroscope will Aas the disks 15 and 16 are being turned in direction the same as thatvof the rotation of the disk 15 or one just reverse to that set up by the disk 16 as above described.

Reference will now be made to the means 1 ,ossessthe respective disks'li and' 16, and this dependent uponv theposition of the pivoted traine Sand gyroscope carriedby-iti' In this connection it is to be observed that the automaticcontrol, .to which reference ivillnoivbe made, is such that as long as the frame and gyro'scope are occupying a proper and normal gravitated position of suspen. sion,.both of thel disks v and 16 are 'con trolled to.- have t Workingengagement with the. respective disks 14 and 18 bygvvhich the povver of the' engineis imparted to the gyroscope for' rotating' it through .a'll Q 'the' rei' spective disks,' and the'fdisplacinginfluencesexerted therebyfbei'ng neutralized, 'no infin-` 1 ence 'isfexerted 1to disturb' `'the normal and proper`gravit'ated position oftheframe 5 and gyroscope." l"In case, hovvever, the gyro? scope andy fra-nie 5 should become' `displaced froml their normal positions, although the tendency 'of the gyr'oscope is to maintain that plane in whichit isnormally arranged to rotate, then the means forA control 'is such' .'thatone or the other of the disksl'. orf 16- -yvill assume a disengaging position. depending uponlthe influence desired .'tQA-bel Vobtained viz'or vrestorimg Athe gyroscope original and proper position.

i -Aspreviouslylexplained. hedisk's 15 and; 16 are varranged .upon shafts 17 socketed .to

turn in the hub's4 and slidable longitudi. nally therein 'by Which the disks 15 and 16 may be moved into Workingfengageinent With-the disks 14 and 18. Located also in the hubs land slidable-longitudinally therein to `bear against the lends of tlieshafts 17;

' are plnngers 19 bearingrupon theirjrespective ends beyond the ends ofthe'hubs '4 j heads 20; -the arrangement' of the parts being suchf-,that'npon the application of pressure tothe heads 2Q the p-liingers Willbe forced aga-inst th'e ends of the shafts 1'?v and accordingly 'move' the disks 15' and 16 into; their Working positions. Thetorce,applied toethe'heads 20 for holding the respective disks in' their Working positions is compressed air and is applied in the following manner':--Thepivoted frame 5 is provided With extension pieces'21 which extend by the ends ofV the heads 2O.4 Upon the side of these extension pieces facing the respective heads' are arranged disks 2'2 which forni'the rear Walls of airV compression chambers 23 and 24, respectively.'- The-front Walls 'of these respective `chambers are formed' by y movable diaphragms 25 which when the respective compression chanifpersl are filled with air `are extendedtobearagaiist there- Y spective headsi20 and torce, thefri'ction disks 15'andf16 into Working engagement With the other friction disks.

I prefer to locate between'the ends of the plungers and shafts 17 a set 'of ball-bear'- ings 26 on Which'the respective shafts 'may e `turn while receivingfthe oithe .plum--y gers. A rlhis eliminates friction which might otherwise 'arise at `this point owing to the zfact that"y the shafts l'rotate Witl the disks While the plnngers do not rotate --though -franie 5 of thei device becomes turned.

4Air is-admitted to the respective compres-- ,and 28, respectively, the pipe connecting with the compression' chamber and the" VBoth-the pipes 27 and l2S connect with Ya extension-4 22 of th'egpivolted Yframe 5.

casing contains. a slidingvalif'e 30v which acts to convey Vair l.under compression admitted through tlierpipes 2T and 28'to the respective 'compression chambers. 'The casii'ig. 2 9 'conftainino-4 the valve :is an' elongated casing, the yends thereofjbeing designed to provide a1r- 39 and. 40; thecontracted neck portions 41 head or en'd portions `andthe body portion ofthe valve vare/of substantially the same di- .iameteryandihaire a snug slidingtswithin the contracted portion of the casing forming the. Arespective ports 35 and 36 therein. The length of the valve is such that when it is in 1 0 both of the heads 39 and 440. 'of the'v'alve Will lie ,Within the respective chambers 3L and 36'. The body 43 of the valve will then bein a position Where the ends .thereofwill it in both Aports 35 and 36 and close the in ner ends of these 'ports and chambers 31 and 32 from' the central chamber 37 of the casing. When the valve vis in this position -air `ad portion or neck 41 and 42 of the valve and thellce 't the respective pipes. 27 and( 2S.

ing, then inl such event the suppl)y of air tov Athe one or the other of the pipes 27,28, will be cut ott' ydepending .upon the direction the valve is nioved,`for as the valve is moved' within the casing one head or the other of capable of a slight pivotal movementas the f mitted as aforesaidthrough the inlet 33 andl by-pass 34 to the respective chambers 31 and 32 vof the casing` Will pass around the respecf tive heads or ends of the valve into the respective ports 35 and 36 by ,the vcontractml WVhen, however, the relative positionsotthc 'v valve 'and casing become changed;- as for example, -by moving the' valve within the cassionV chambersf23.. and 24, by ivay of pipes 2T -7'5 pipe 28 with the compressionchamber 241.' i

valve 'casing29 `located on the outside of the This 1 '85 r-'eceiving chambers 31 `and 32, respectively. v'Air-l under compression from "anysuitable sist-s ofthe respective head or end portions and -42 and a central' body portion 43, 'The a balanced central position as shown in Fig.

and 32 of the casing just beyond`the ports the valve will draiv into the one or the other ct the ports 3S, and so will sluit oil the air entering that port. h'ioreover as one head of the valve draus into its adjacent port closing it the adjacent central body portion 43 ot' the valveentering that port will draw out ot the same allowing the compressed air in the pipe connecting therewith and compression chamber With which the pipe connects to have outlet to the atmos-v phere by Way of the central chamber and.

opening ,"W relative position of the valve Within the c singy is controlled by a Weighted lever or pendulum 44. it Will be observed by ret'- erencc to Fig. 5 that the valve casing Q9 is arranged crosswise upon the outer side et the extension 2,2 of the pivoted traine 5. The disposition of the casing and valve Within it is such also that when the pivpted fraineis in its normal and proper posi ion ot suspension both the casing and valve will occupy a htnizontal position atright angles to the extension 22 of the frame to which these parts are secured. The lever 44 is pivoted to the side of the extension lnece 22 at a point 45 below the casing and valve. rlhe lever is maintained in a normal upright vertical position by a Weight 46 upon the lower arm thereof. Tieupper or Working arm of the lever passes upwardly through the slot 3S in the casing and enters a socket 4T formed in the body of the valve, the end oit the lever arm fitting loosely Within this socket.

The disposition and arrangement of the arts are such that as lona' as the traine 5 to Whichthe Weighted lever is pivoted maintains its normal. and proper position the lever Will operate to so maintain the valve in a. central balanced position within the valve Acasing 29 that compressed air passing through the easing as aforesaid may be directed to enter both pipes 27, 28. and thereby be admitted to both compression chambers, the diaphragms of which acting against the heads of the respect-ive plungers will operate the same to hold both of the disks 15 and 1G in their proper Working positions, or, in 'other Words, both in contact with the disks 14 and 18.

Upon the pivoted frame 5 and gyroscope carried by it becomingchanged from their normal and proper positions of vsuspension to occupy inclined positions, by the frame 5 turning pivotally on the hub 4, the valvular parts and Weighted lever 44 will turn with it, but the lever will continue to maintain a vertical position and accordingly will act to move the valve Within the valve casing in one direction or the pther dependent upon the direction in which the pivoted trame 5 turns. The resultant edect is there- A tore obtained that as the valve is moved in the casing air will be s hut ott from the'one or the otherof the pipes 27, 28, and the pressure removed from the one or the other ot the compression chambers, which accordingly leaves but one ot the disks 15 and 16 1n frictional Working contact with the disks 14 and 1S. Thereupon the influence above reterred to will arise and the pivoted trame and gyroscope carried by it will be moved 1n a direction dependent upon which one of the disks 15 or 16 is lett in working en; gagement with the disks 14 and 1S. -in this connection it will be observed that the adaptation and arrangement ot the parts is such that it' the pivoted trame 5 and gyroscope have become displaced from their normal positions in the direction that the disk 15 is turning then this disk is released into a disengaging position and the transmission will operate to turn the traine and gyroscope back to their normal positions. other hand, if the frame 5 and gyroscope become displaced in the direction that the On the into a disengaging position and the tra-nsmission will operate to turn the trame 5 and gyroscopev back to its original position.

Inapplying the apparatus to a iiyiug machine it is so arranged that the axis defined by the hubs 4 of the apparatus on which the :trame 5 bearing the gyroscope is pivotally mounted, is arranged to lie in or parallel with the lateral or longitudinal axis oi the fiying machine depending as the apparatus is employed in eecting the lateral or longitudinal balance and control ot the machine. When the apparatus is employed inn effecting the lateral control or the inaehine the hubs 4 are arranged in or parallel With the longitudinal axis thereof and vi 'e versa Vwhen the apparatus is employed for etlecting the longitudinal control of the machine the hubs 4 are arranged in or parallel with the lateral axis thereof. On Whatever I axis the apparatus is arranged the frame direction and the portion of the machine onv the other side of the axis being displaced in a reverse direction. Accordingly, a portion of the machine will tend to dravy toward the gyroscope and frame carrying 1t as another portion thereo'rn dravvs away therefrom. The

l`gyroscope or rather the frame 5 carrying it maintaining its original position, becomes a hase of support to which any suitable connections or linkages may be secured and which may. connect, also, With planes or accesses othersuitable devices for controlling the the cylinder. t 'any suitable fluid pressure and preferably machine and which become operative with a drawand thrust .motion as the different partsof the machine draw toward the framelearrying :the gyroscope -,or move away therefrom as is well known to those skilled in the art. 1n order to thus act as a base of resistance to the various forces which may tend `to right the machine, the frame bearing the gyroscope must be maintained by a force suiiicient to withstand the forces tending 'to displace it and right the machine. It Vis the gyroscope of course which tends to accomplish this -by rotating in its original plane Aand if thegyroscope is 'of suflcient size and power-it will operate as a base havsuch degree of stability as 'to withstand- 'the forces tending to displace it from itsV original position, meaning those forces which.

are operating to right the machine. It ina-y be desirable, however, not to employ a gyro- Scope of such size as will maintain the frame :bearing it with such degree of stability that the Vframe itself will act as a base to with standjthe reactions of a draw and thrust .movement directly connecting therewith andwitli the planes of the machine. I have -or set in operation other forces having a power sufficient to control the machine and which may operate with a proper draw and thrust or reverse movement suicient to insure a proper and eiiicient inode of control.

The main control which I have indicated in the drawings and which is itself contrailed automatically from the gyroscopic ,control above referred to, consists of a pistn 50. This piston is .arranged to be movable in a cylinder 51 and is provided with a piston rod 52 extending through the end of The piston is controlled by by compressed air which is admitted to' the i vrespective ends of the chamber of the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston by pipes 53 and 54, respectively, of which the pipe 53 connects with the forward'end of the ing 55 is an elongated casing, the ends there- A. 4'bers 58 and/59, respectively, which connect of being designed to provide exhaust cham- -with the atmosphere through an opening leading thro-ugh the wall of the icasingi Extending inwardly from thecharnbers 58 'and 591the casing is formedto provide ports 61andk62, respectively, while between these ports .the casing is'enlarged to forni a central air-receiving chamber 63.v

rl-he valve 57 consists of the respective arranged to slide into and out `of the ports 61 and (32, and control these ports fronii the exhaust chambers 58 and 59 connecting with the atmosphere as aforesaid.v The; interiorv portions 68 and 69, are arranged tosli'deA respectively into and out of the portsI 61 and 62 and control these ports with respect to the central chamber 63 of the valve .casi-4 ing. Air under compressionis adinittedfto the chamber 63 through an inlet pipe-7 0.` The pipes 53 and 54C, which connect with the cylinder as aforesaid, ,connect valso .with the valve casing at the-points of the respectivel ports therein, the pipe 53 connecting.withl the valve casing at the point ofthe port 61 and the pipe 54- connecting with the valvecasing at the point of the port G2. The 'length of the valve is such that when it is in a balanced central .position as shown in Fig. 6, both of the heads, 64 and 65, of the' valve will lie within theI outerv ends ofthe ports 61 .and 62 closing tn'ese` ports from thef respective exhaust chambers 58 and 59 and' from the atmosphere. The interior por-- tions 68 and 69 lof the valve will then be in' a 'position where they will lie just adjacentl the inner lends 4of theports 61 and 62 buti in 'a position whereby air admitted ite-the chamber 63 will e-nter thev respective ports and thence be ,admitted tob'oth pipes 515, and 51- connecting with tlie cylinder' and accordingly be admitted to opposite"si'desfgof the piston 52, balancing the piston. llinien, however, the relative positionl ofthe valve becomes changed within the casing, as for example by moving the valvev inwardly or. in y the direction indicated by the arrow thereon (see Fig. 6), the portion 68 of the valve will draw into the port 61, closing this port and the entrance of air thereto from -the air-re-vvv ceiving chamber 63.- This port being then' closed, air will no longer enter through the pipe 53 which connects with the forward' At the same tiineithechamber 58 open to the atmosphere, provid-,2

ing accprdingly an exhaust from the chama ber oflithe cylinder forward of thepistoi'i` backwa'rdly through they-pipe '53, port'l'l'.:

and 'exhaust chamber 58 tothe atmosphere;

Pressure will stillvcontinuerto be adifnittjed:v

thjroughthe ort 62 and pipe 5tv tothe outer endv ofl the cylinder, wherefore lthe'pistoi-i 50 will be advanced within' the cylinder and ,thev .piston rod 52 moved outwardlyyffre?.

cisely the reverse operation occurs when the Pvalve 57 is movedoutwardly or in a direction reverse' to that of the arrow indicated thereon.r In such case compressed air will be excluded from the port (52, pipe 54C and the outer end of the cylinder, the air therein exhausting therefrom, as air is admitted through the port Gland pipe 53 to the forward end of the cylinder with the effect of retracting the piston therein and withdrawing "the piston rod 52. Itwill thus be seen that the piston rod 52 willbe controlled to have a backward and forward thrust movement depending upon the relative position of the valve 57 in the valve casing, it being moved in one direction or the other as air is admitted to one end or the other ofthe cylinder and being held in a balanced position when air is admitted to both ends thereof. a

Connecting with one end of the sliding valve 57 to extend outwardly therefrom and in extension thereof is rod 71. This rod connects with a system of links consisting of the links 72 73, 74 and 75.` Of these links lthe link 72 connects with the `frame 5 bearing the gyroscope. 'This connection is made by an arm 76 projecting downwardly allel with the link 73.

frointhe lower bar of the frame 5 and to which the end of the link '72 is pivotally secured, preferably by means of a ball and socket4 joint '77, in order that the link may move freely with respect to the arm secured to the frame. The link '72 is preferably arranged to project at about right angles to the plane of the frame when in its normal suspended position. Pivot-ally connecting with the outer end of the link 7 .2 at the point 78 the link 7&3 preferably arranged to ex tend upwardly atvabout right angles to the link 72, the link extending by the outer end Vof the rod 71 which has pivotal connection with this link at the point 79 about central of th'e'links extension. The link 7l pivotallyconnects with thelink 73 at the point 80 and is normally Aarranged to extend forward from the link 73 at right angles thereto and maintain a position substantially parallel with the link 72. `Pivot: lly connectingwith the outer end of the link 7st at the point. 81 is the link 75. This link is arranged to extend downwardlyvat right angles to the link 74 and in a position substantially par- The disposition and arrangement of this link is also such that the lowerend thereof will become loosely soeketed .between'the side of the block 56 bearing the valve casing 55 and a plate 82 arranged parallel to the face of the block, spaced therefrom, and secured tothe cylinder 51 (see Fig. 9)'. The link thus socketed is varranged upon a'slidlng shaft 83. This shaft is arranged parallelI with the piston rod 52. It extends through the vblock 56, plate 82 and the end of the linkl 'l'so'cketed .ton and allowed to exhaust.

between the block and plate. The link is arranged to slide through these parts as it is means of a spiral groei/e 85 cut in the shaft and into which groove there projects a finger 86 from the linkw (see Fig. S).

The operation of hese parts isfas follows It will be observed that the series ot links 72. 73 and 7l are so'arranged as to be extensible and retractable, the links being extended if the cylinder 51 be moved away from the end of vthel arm 76 secured to the frame bearingthe gyroscope or retracted upon the cylinder 51 becoming returned to its initial position. As the links are drawn out Vor extended draft will be applied to the rod 71 and the valve 57 moved in its casing in a direction reverse to that indicated by the arrowupon it. By such movement of the valve air will be cut off from the outer end of the cylinder 51 at the rear of the pis- Air will continue to be admitted, however, to the inner or front end of the cylinder 5l forward of the piston. The piston will then be moved backward in the cylinder 51 by the pressure a distance which is relatively commensurate with the changed position of the cylinder with respect to the arm 7G to which the liukage is secured as aforesaid. The piston will be moved such relative amount. only, for as the piston moves the shaft 83 will move with it and sliding through the'end of the link 75 will rock this link and thereby, through the other connecting links. operate to restore the valve 57 to its initial balanced position when air will be admitted to hoth ends of the cylinder 51 and accordingly operate. to hold the piston in the. position to which it has been moved and ywhich relatively wirresponds, as aforesaid, with the changed po'- sition of the cylinder. It will now be assumed that the cylinder 51 is restored to its original position. The links 72. 73 and 74 will bysuch action be contracted. Their relative positions will have ho'coi-ne' changed,

however. in such manner that as the cylinder is brought back to its original position the resulting contraction of the links will then cause the same through the shaft 71 to push the valve in the direction indicated by the arrow thereon, thereby shutting off the air from the front end of the cylinder forward of the piston, though continuing to be admitted to the rear end of the cylinder back l of the piston.

driven forward until the rod 84 will through the link 75 have changed the positions of the links 72, 73 and 7l into their original positions when they will operate to hold the valve in a balanced position, admitting air to both ends of the cylinder. and'both sides hf thepiston therein, the piston then, in other words, assuming" and beinginaintained in its original position within the cylinder and which corresponds with the original position thereof.

Precisely a reverse operation to that de' the rear of the piston which will accordingly be 'driven forward in an amount and toa position proportionally commensurate with' 'the changed inward position of thecylinder. As the cylinder becomes restored to its origi-v nal position, the linkage will change the valve to admit air to the forward end of the cylinder, driving back the piston to itsoriginalposition in the cylinder and which corresponds with the original position thereof, thepiston being maintained in such posi tion by the compressed air admitted to both sides thereof until the position of the cylinder becomes again changed. lVith the parts Athus operating, the piston and rod 52 carried by i,t will be moved inwardlyor outwardly from a normal position with a backv ward thrust movement depending on whether the .cylinder vis moved outwardly or inwardly, the movements 'of the piston and Y porting frame 87 to which the frame l of piston rod being commensurate with the relatively changed position of the cylinder, and in either case the piston and piston rod becoming restored to their original'positions when the cylinder becomes restored to suoli position. Y

By reference to Fig. 1 it will be observed that the cylinder 5l is fixed to a main sup the gyroscopic apparatus is alsofixed. The frame S7 may indicate diagrammatically a portion of the frame of a iiying machine. According to the dispositionand arrangementof the parts 'the pivoted frame 5 bear-4 i ingl the gyroscope will hang from the hubs 4 forming a part of the frame l. The arrangement of these hubs .with respect to the fraine 87 is such'that `the axis defined by the hubs will lie iii-or' parallel with the axis of the; frame 87.' Accordingly the frame 87 may turn pivotally with respect to the fm-nie`- The piston will then be' 5 and gyroscope, maintaining Va normal gravitated position whatever thepositioh of the frame 87 may be. The pivotal vmore nient ofA the` frame 87 with iespec-tlto the" .frame 5 and gyroscope may indicate the different displaced-positions of the' lflyingnia-f chine from its normal position when-the machine is in ,flight and in a proper balance; r

The cylinder 5l is fixed to theiffr'anie 87'- ata point laterally removed from the fiaiiie 5 bearing the gyroscope and oceupies'afnory* mal position inabout` the same horizontal I* f1" plane as' that in which the end-'of the arm* 76 lies, extending from thelower. bar of the framel 'beafring the gyroscope or, in Vother Words,- .the ball and socket connection/77:10

v which the link 72 is secured.` The. series of: f.' links 72, 73 and 74 are arranged-*toextend-1 at substantially right anglestothezplanefof f the pivoted frame, 5. vThe dispositior'i;'ofA

72, 73 and 74 so that as the piston ismoved Withinthe cylinder it will operate the link 7 5 to properly control the other linksin'the manner previously described.; The endpof the link 72 'connects with the arm 7 6 secureiil-y to the pivoted frame 5 bearing vthe gyroscope which acts as 'a stable base `or fixture ofrsupf port or a support that Yniain'tains,asbefore.;v

described, a normal position or becomes"ref,v stored to 'such position in case ofdisplacement whateverthe position of the frame .87

may be. Consequently asthe frame 87 becomes turned` upwardly from lthe pozsi tio"n resent the normal balanced position ofthe ico -iiidicated in the drawing, which niayrepi flying machine, thelinks 73 and 7 will" j thereupon, acting against` the lgyroscopicapf' 1 paratus furnishing a stable base of support,-

become drawn out or extended with therel sulting effect that' the piston 5'0`is: moved lbackward in an amount Aproportioiiatey to* the pivotally displaced position'of the'fr'ame 87 and becomes moved forward to its original. position in the cylinder whenthe frame"` 87 becomes restoredto .its origii'ial'position'.` Just'the reverse happens' if the frame STV/becomes pivotally turned `downward' with vre-` spect to the axis upon which it'turns In suoli case the links 72, and 74 become con;l fl tiacted with the resulting effect 'thatth'eipis' ton within the cylinder vbjeoo1iie's.-thi-@rist for-. 4

ward in an amount relatively-pia to the displaced position ef the-frameST und becomes restored to its original-'positionini the cylinder when the fraine'87. isc'turnedfs'i" back to its normal position. rlVith thefparts ,-gz; thusr operating, the pistonv 50 wil-bhe.consi v trolled to have. a backward andv forward Athrust movement in va directionv relatively. corresponding with and proportionatetoythe displacement of the frame 87 and vaccord ingly may operate to control planesor-wingf (not shown) which will act to correctthe `85. v the cylinder 51 is also at substantially-right 'f angles to that of the extensionofy the links displaced position of the iframe 8T (assumed .a pivoted support bearing the saine, and means whereby force may be applied to said gyrc-scope for rotating it and such forceexert either no influence to disturb the pivoted position of said gyioscope or an influence to disturb the same dependent upon the manner of its application.

2. In a gyroscopic apparatus, a gyroscope,

`a pivoted support bearing the same, and

means whereby force may be applied to said gyroscope for rotating it and such force enert no influence to disturb said .gyroscope when occupying a normal pivoted position, but will operate to change the pivoted' position thereof and restore the saine to its normal pivoted position in the event of its displacement.

3. In a gyroscopic apparatus, a gyroscope, a pivoted support bearing the same, and a changeable transmission through which force is applied to said gyroscope tor rotating it, said transmission having suoli adaptation that the force transmitted by it tor rotating the gyroscope will either exert no influence to disturb the pivoted position of? said gyroscope or will exert an influence to change the pivoted position thereof upon a change induced in said transmission.

4. In a gyroscopic apparatus, a gyroscope,

a pivoted support bearing the same, a changeable transmission through which force is applied to said gyroscope for rotating it, said transmission having such adaptation that the force transmitted by it for rotatiiig the gyroscope will either exert no influence to disturb the pivoted position of said gyroscope vor will exert an influence to change the pivoted position 'thereof upon a change induced in said transmission, and

means for controlling said transmission wherebya change may be induced therein for changing the pivoted position of said gyroscope and restoring it to a normal pivoted position in the eveiit of its displacement from said normal position.

5. In a gyroscopic apparatus, a gyroscope, a pivoted supportbearin the same, a transmission through which orce is transmitted v to said gyroscope :tor rotating it, said transmission coniprising a series of parts adapted and arranged to the end that the torce transmitted by them may either exert an intluence to change the pii'oted position of said gyroscope or an iniiuence to move the saine depending upon the normal oi changed Working relationship of said parts of the transmission to one another, and means tor controlling said parts ol the transmission whereby they may occupy either a normal or changed working relationship to one another depending upon the normal ordisplacedpivoted position of said gyioscope.

(lz In a gyroscopio apparatus, a gyroscope, a pivoted supportl bearing the saine, a transmission through which torce is transmitted to said gyroscope for rotating it, said transmission comprising a series ot' parts adapted and arranged to the end that the force transmitted by them may either exert no influence to change'the pivot'ed position of said gyroscope oran influence to change the same depending upon the normal or changed Working relationship of said parts of the transmission, means for maintaining the parts of the transmission in normal Working relationship with one another, and means controlling said transmission whereby a change may automatically be effected therein and in the Working relationship of its parts upon displacement of said gyroscope trom its normal pivoted position andthe force for rotating said gyroscope then exert an influence through said transmission to change the displaced pivoted position thereof and restore said gyroscope to its normal position.

T. In a gyroscopicapparatus, a gyroscope, a pivoted support bearing the same, a transmission through which Jforce is transmitted to said gyroscope for rotating it, said transmission comprising a series of pai"tsadapted and arranged to the end that the force transmitted by them may either .exert no intluence to change the pivoted position of said gyroscope or lan influence to change the same depending upon the normal or changed working relationship of said parts of the transmission, releasable mechanism for holding the parts of said transmission in working engagement with one another, and means for controlling said mechanism to release portions of said. transmission into a disengaging position dependent upon the posibearing the same.

S. In a gyroscopic apparatus, a trame, a

gyroscope, a support tor the gyroscope piy-l oted to said frame, a changeable transmission through Whichforce is applied to said gyroscope for rotating it, said transmission comprising iirpart a rotary member carried by said pivoted support and rotating With said gyroscope, and other rotary members arranged on o posite sides of said single rotary member ndcarried by said framea nd other means whereby force may be applied to hsaid gyroscope for rotating it through tion of said gyroscope and pivoted'support 'driven rotary member rotating with said" both or either ot said other rotary members depending upon the position of said g \'rol scope and pirated support bearing the same.

In 'a gyroscopic apparatus, a frame. a rf roseopo. a support for the gyroscope pivoted to said frame. a changeable transmission through which torce is applied to said gyroscope for rotating it. said transmission comprising a rotary member carried by said piyoted support and rotating with saidmember, and means tor controlling saidtransmission whereby the force applied to said gyroscope Jorrotating it may be transmitted through both said other rotary members or through either 'of them dependent upon the suspended .posit-ion of said gyroscope.

l0. In a gyroscopic apparatus, a frame, a gyroscope, a support for the gyroscope -pivoted to said frame, a transmission through which force is applied to said gyroscope for rotating it, said transmission having` a gyroscope and other rotary members having' Working engagement with said driven rotary member on opposite sides thereof, and means for controlling said transmission whereby force transmitted to said gyroscope for rotating it may be transmitted through all of said members When said pivoted frame and gyroscope carried by it are'in their .normal suspended positions, or through said" driven rotary member and one or the other of said other rota-ry members when said I.pivoted support and gyroscope are occupying positions displaced from their normal position-ot suspension and this dependent upon the direction of their displacement.

' .11. In a gyroscopic apparatus, a frame, a gyrosoope, a su port for the gyroscope pivoted f to sai `frame, a transmission through' which force is applied to said gyroscope for rotating it, said transmission comprising a series of changeable 'parts adapted and arranged to the end that the force transmitted` by and through them may either exert no influence. to change the susoted support. or an influence to change the same dependent upon the working relatiouship of 'the Working 'parts ot said transmission. aud means tor controlling said transmission whereby a change may be eilected in the working relationship ot' its parts upon displacement of said gyroscope and support from their original positions and the force applied to said gyroscope for rotating it exert an iniiuence throughsaid transmission or portion thereotto change the displaced suspended position of said gyrosoope and original positions, said means comprising in part. an orerweighted lever-adapted and arranged to occupy and maintain a constant gravitated position whatever the relative position ot said gyroscope Iand piyoted support may be.

l2. ln a gyroscopic apparatus, a frame, a

oted tosaid trame, a transmission through which :torce is applic-:l Vto said gyroscope for rotating it. said transmission comprising a series otfparts adapted and arranged to the end that the force transmitted by and through them may either exert no influence to change the normal suspended position ot' said gyroscope and piyoted support, or an influence to change the same dependent upon the working relationship of the Working parts of said transmission, and means for controlling said transmission whereby a changev may automatically be eiiieeted in the Working relationship of its parts upon a displaeement'ot' said gyroscopel and piroted `support from their normal suspended posiH tions and the force' applied to said gyroscope for rotating it exert an influence through said transmission or portion thereofl to change the displaced suspel'ided position of said gyroscope and pivoted support and restore them to their original positions, said means comprising in part a valvular mech anism carried by said pivoted support, an overweighted lever pivotally connected to said support and cooperating with said valvular mechanism it'or controlling it.

JAMES S. LANG. \Vitnesses Joux E. R. Haras, M. E. FLAHERTY.

lpended position oi" saidpgyroscope and pito gyroseope, a support :tor the gyroscope plv-' its proted support a nd restore them to their 

